![]() Most adult women need a minimum of 1,200 calories per day and adult men 1,500 calories per day. If you are able to sustain a 1,000-calorie plan. Find out how much of each food group you should be eating for a well-balanced diet. Just how many calories you need in a day varies with your gender, age, weight and. Calories, Fat, Carbs & Protein Per Day. Carbohydrates, protein and fat represent the three macronutrients you need to sustain normal biochemical functions and stay. Also check out the interactive version, by Civil Eats and the UC-Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism. ![]() 2000 Calories a Day The Healthy Way. Today, a healthful diet such as one low in calories or low in fat no longer means dull, tasteless eating. How Many Calories Do I Need To Eat Per Day To Build Muscle Or Gain Weight? ![]() Calorie Per Day High Protein Diet. While low- calorie, high- protein diets can assist with weight loss, you can go too low. A 1,0. 00- calorie diet is lower than the minimum recommended amount of calories both women and men should eat per day for optimal nutrition and energy. For some people, a high- protein diet plan may not be healthy. Before going on a 1,0. ![]() A high- protein diet recommends getting 3. For a 1,0. 00- calorie plan, this is at least 3. When consuming just 1,0. Each of these meals should contain between 1. You still want to eat some carbohydrates for energy and fats for hormone production and vitamin absorption. The Institute of Medicine recommends consuming a minimum of 4. Choose healthy carbohydrates such as fruits, vegetables and dairy which provide vitamins and minerals as well as fiber. You should choose unsaturated fats, found in nuts, avocados, plant oils and fatty fish, to meet your fat requirement without raising your risk of heart disease. Most adult women need a minimum of 1,2. If you are able to sustain a 1,0. Even though protein can help you feel fuller for longer, a 1,0. A meal plan with 9. Have a glass of skim milk alongside. For dinner, broil 2 oz. Your snack might consist of 2 oz.
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Diet Plan Review: Best Ways to Lose Weight. The TV ads, filled with celebrity endorsers and regular people holding out their enormous . Although an FTC rule now requires testimonial ads to cite typical results, the looming question still remains: Which of these diet programs are worth your money? Four Methods: Exercising to Lose Weight Making an Eating Plan Doing Weight Loss Treatments Other Proven Diets Community Q&A.To find out, Money. Watch analyzed eight of the biggest diet plans. Three are support- only plans that don't require you to buy their food, and five are food- delivery plans. We interviewed leading nutritionists and weight- loss professionals, pored through clinical studies, and tallied up membership fees and food costs to determine the ones most likely to help you slim down and to see how much you'd pay to drop 2. Our favorite for value and efficacy is Weight Watchers, designed to help you change your eating habits for good. ![]() ![]() Nutrisystem is the least expensive meal delivery plan we reviewed (Medifast is cheaper, but you have to provide one meal a day on your own). And the silver- spoon award undoubtedly goes to In The Zone Delivery, a white- glove service for people who'll spare no expense to drop the pounds. Here's how the plans stack up. See the handy chart at the bottom of the page for a side- by- side comparison. Weight Watchers. Cost: Choose the 3. If you won’t go to meetings, try three months of online- only services for $5. ![]()
![]() The skinny: The oldest national weight- loss program, its members rave about the encouragement they get at weekly meetings led by former Weight Watchers dieters. Nutritionists praise the portion- control points system: Each food is assigned points based on its serving size, calories, fiber, and fat; and no foods are forbidden. Your point allowance is based on your weight, height, gender, age, and activity level. A recent clinical study in the New England Journal of Medicine linked group counseling sessions to weight- loss success. That explains why Weight Watchers has impressive short- term results. A 2. 00. 5 study in the Annals of Internal Medicine showed participants lost an average of about 5 percent of their body weight (1. Two years later, they had kept about half the weight off. To help members stay on track, Weight Watchers encourages them to attend meetings until they’ve stayed within 2 pounds of their goal weight for six weeks. After that, you get free lifetime membership. The company says members using its online tools in addition to attending meetings lost 5. How much can you expect to lose? Up to 2 pounds per week. Cost to lose 2. 0 pounds: $1. For the online- only option, plan on spending $7. Cost per pound of weight loss: $4 or $8, not including food Worth the money? Balanced Healthy Diet Guide. What is a balanced healthy diet? Eating a healthy balanced diet plan made easy, healthy food tips, balanced weight loss diet. New Lifestyle Diet provides protein and liquid diet program including meal replacement diet, bar, shakes & puddings that helps in weight loss. Check out 30 Day Detox Diet Plan Challenge to Lose Weight instantly. Also check out the below Do's and Don'ts to maintain a healthy and natural weight loss. How to Lose Weight in 4 Weeks- Diet Chart for Weight Loss when it comes to losing weight, a regular workout or exercise routine won’t suffice. It’s economical and has a proven track record. The optional meal delivery service, e. Diets Fresh Prepared Meal Delivery, costs $1. The skinny: You can choose from among more than 2. Online tools let you set goals, plan menus and generate shopping lists. There’s no face- to- face support, but you get support through online message boards, and you can reach a registered dietitian and personal trainer by phone at any time. ![]() The optional meal delivery service offers freshly prepared, calorie- controlled meals delivered in a cooler. But telephone support has some evidence in its favor: “A couple of studies have shown that telephone support is just as effective as live support,” says Christine Gerbstadt, M. D., spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association. How much can you expect to lose? Cost to lose 2. 0 pounds: For online membership, $5. For meal delivery, which includes online membership, $1,7. Cost per pound of weight loss: $2. Meal delivery: No — for about the same money, other services offer better track records. Southbeachdiet. com. Cost: $5 a week after a free seven- day trial with a minimum commitment of four weeks, plus the cost of the South Beach Diet book. The skinny: Southbeachdiet. Arthur Agatston. For the first two weeks, you eat three extremely low- carb meals a day plus two snacks. After that, you gradually add “good carbs,” such as fruits and whole grains. You can customize menus, search a database of more than 1,0. There’s online support from staff dieticians and members plus daily motivational emails. However, the advantage disappeared over the long term. How much can you expect to lose? Cost to lose 2. 0 pounds: $5. Cost per pound of weight loss: $2. Worth the money? The skinny: The Zone diet is mostly meat, fruits, and vegetables. Home- delivered “gourmet” frozen meals have a ratio of 4. You eat three meals per day plus two Zone protein- powder snacks. A 2. 00. 7 study of 1. Journal of American Medical Association found the Zone diet helped people achieve modest weight loss after one year, comparable with those on the Atkins, Weight Watchers and Ornish diets, and improved cardiac risk factors. How much can you expect to lose? A sales agent told us that the program fee will soon change to $3. Meals average $5 a pop; the total cost for 3 meals and two snacks a day runs $1. The skinny: Premium- priced Jenny Craig offers nutritionally balanced packaged food; you order by phone and pick it up at a Jenny Craig center or have it delivered through Jenny Direct (for a $6. You eat three Jenny Craig meals plus a snack per day, and supplement with fruit, vegetables and dairy. Once a week, you get a weigh- in and pep talk with a consultant — who is not a dietician and who earns commissions from selling you products. There’s also round- the- clock phone support and online tools that include a menu planner, activity planner and progress tracker. Jenny Craig has a good track record for short- term weight loss (up to one year). In a UC San Diego clinical trial of 4. Jenny Craig), Jenny Craig clients lost 1. How much can you expect to lose? Yes — it’s got reasonably priced meal delivery and in- person support. By eating a little more some days and a little less on others, you’ll supposedly prevent your body from becoming used to the same number of calories every day. Phil and The New York Times. Some plan users have complained of a lack of choices and menu flexibility compared to other plans, but a company spokesman says they offer more than 1. How much can you expect to lose? Yes: It’s a reasonable price for well- made food with slightly faster average weight loss than with Jenny Craig. Nutrisystem. Cost: $3. There’s also a $1. Walmart. The skinny: This meal- delivery service, endorsed by Marie Osmond and Dan Marino, emphasizes foods with a low glycemic index. The underlying premise is that controlling blood sugar levels leads to weight loss. The heat- and- eat prepared meals and snacks contain 5. Jenny Craig, you add fruits, vegetables and dairy. Support is available through phone counseling, weekly e- classes with a dietician and tracking tools. For example, a study by the Obesity Research Center at St. Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital in New York found that postmenopausal women who followed a 1,2. How much can you expect to lose? Cost of losing 2. Cost per pound of weight loss: $6. Worth the money? Yes: For a meal- delivery diet system, Nutrisystem is more economical than Jenny Craig. Medifast. Cost: $7. The skinny: Although today’s program is not as stringent as the original liquid fast Medifast launched decades ago, the low- fat, relatively low- carb plan is designed to bring about rapid weight loss by coaxing your body into a “fat- burning state” known as ketosis. With the Medifast 5 & 1 Plan, you eat five small meal replacements a day that are about 1. The 7. 0 meal replacement choices include shakes, bars, soups, pudding, oatmeal, chili, pretzel sticks, cheese puffs, and scrambled eggs. Does it work? A common concern with such low- calorie diets is that you’ll quickly regain the weight, but in a small clinical trial published in the journal Experimental Biology, after 1. How much can you expect to lose? Support- Only Plans. Plan. Cost. Cost per pound of weight loss. Avg. 1. 45 to $1. Nutrisystem$2. 99 to $3. Medifast$7. 5/week$1. This article was updated by Eileen P. Gunn. More on Money. Fat Chicks on a Diet Weight Loss Community. Welcome to the 3 Fat Chicks on a Diet Weight Loss Community. Share your success story and celebrate your victory! Even if you're not at goal yet, this is the place to share your successes and achievements along the way! Success can be measured in many ways besides the scales. Tell us about your triumphs, including Non Scale Victories. Support Forum. Introduce yourselves and make new friends! Meet dieters in your area, discuss weight and food issues unique to the UK. Give and get support here! Sub- Forums: 1. 00 lb. Club, 3. 00+ Club, 2. Somethings, 3. 0- Somethings, 4. Somethings, Age 5. Alternachicks, Featherweights, Chicks up for a Challenge, Faith Based Support Groups, Men's Corner. ![]() ![]() Those with special health concerns such as diabetes, fibromyalgia, pregnancy, etc can post here for extra support and help. Have you been diagnosed with depression, are possibly on depression medication, and find it affects your weight loss efforts? Post here for support! If you've had it, or are considering it, share your discussions here. Overeating? Share uplifting support and gain control! Because life isn't just about dieting. From popular products to the latest scams, discuss it here before you buy! Maintainersbooks, articles, and book discussions. Including discussions about excess skin and reconstructive surgery. ![]() Fitness. Love it or hate it, let's motivate each other to just DO IT! Boost weight loss, and look great! Food. Recipes, Healthy Cooking, and General Food Topics. For discussion of whole foods and more natural diets. How does South Beach Diet Work? South Beach Diet Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3. The South Beach Diet by Dr A Agatston (Headline, £10.99) If you would like to access the dieting tools in Weight Loss Resources you can try. South Beach Diet Phase One Recipes Round-Up for January 2012 (Low-Glycemic Recipes). Q: I started the diet and on the 8th day I showed symptoms of hypoglycemia. In 7 days, I lost 4 lbs. Do I continue on the South Beach Diet Phase 1 or move to South. All times are GMT - 4. The time now is 0. PM. Search Engine Optimization by v. Home. Wirkliche Experten f. Aber wenn man so viel zu tun und so wenig Zeit hat, wissen wir, dass es nicht immer leicht ist. Deshalb sind wir hier. Wenn du dich f. Das bedeutet, dass dir unser Team die Unterst. ![]() ![]() The purpose of the South Beach Diet is to change the overall balance of the foods you eat to encourage weight loss and a healthy lifestyle. The South Beach Diet says.![]() Diet Delivery: Comprehensive Directory of Weight Loss Meal Delivery Services for 2017. How does Nutrisystem work? Discover the secret behind the program's science that has helped millions of people lose weight and improve their health. The South Beach Diet is generally safe if you follow it as outlined in official South Beach Diet books and websites. However, if you severely restrict your. Review – The Dukan Diet Regime by Dr Pierre Dukan. Dr Pierre Dukan believes high protein is the key to weight loss. Create your free weight loss diet plan in Phase 2 of The Lose Weight Diet. Bighorn sheep videos, photos and facts - Ovis canadensis. Well adapted to its rocky environment, the agility and keen eyesight of the bighorn sheep help it to detect and evade predators, and when threatened, it will bound away over rocks, climbing nearly vertical rock faces where its pursuer can rarely follow (2)(5). This species is generally active during the cooler parts of the day, resting in a shallow, scraped- out depression during hotter periods (5)(6). While nocturnal activity has also been recorded (5), this species typically spends the night huddled in groups on rocky slopes that offer a wide view of the surroundings to guard against predation (6). During the day, the herds, which may number more than 1. The diet varies according to location, but mainly comprises grasses, along with forbs, and the leaves, shoots and twigs of available shrubs and trees (1). Both herds make seasonal movements, which exceptionally have been known to cover 4. ![]() ![]() The bighorn sheep breeds during the autumn and early winter, with births taking place in the spring. During the mating period or “rut”, males take part in spectacular battles for dominance and the chance to mate. After pushing and shoving one another, the males back away, before rearing up on the hind legs and lunging forwards and down, bringing the horns together with tremendous force (2)(5). These contests may last for hours until one of the rams give in (2). ![]() ![]() The argali, or the mountain sheep (species Ovis ammon) is a wild sheep that roams the highlands of Central Asia (Himalaya, Tibet, Altay. Sheep are related to antelopes, cattle, muskoxen and goats. All of these mammals are even-toed ungulates — their hooves are cloven, or split into two toes. After a gestation period of around 1. After the first few weeks, the young spend little time around the mother, and instead form groups with other juveniles, returning only to suckle (5). Weaning takes place at four to six months old, after which the young join the mother’s herd. Females often remain in this herd for life, whereas males depart at around two to four years old and join a herd of rams. A dominance hierarchy exists in both types of herd, which is defined mostly by age, as well as by horn size amongst the rams (5). Within the herds, the younger members are taught seasonal pathways and suitable habitats by the adults (2). Females usually mate and produce offspring at around 1. On average, the bighorn sheep lives for around 9 years, with males rarely exceeding 1. Learn about the size, diet, population, range, behavior and other fascinating facts about desert tortoises. The bharal or Himalayan blue sheep or naur (Pseudois nayaur) is a caprid found in the high Himalayas of India, Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet, and Pakistan. ![]() ![]() Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) are one of two species of mountain sheep in North America. They range in color from light brown to grayish or dark brown, and have a. Largest online directory of U.S. Club Lamb producers also listed. Add your listing today. Lily Therese, noted Native American Visionary with nearly 5 decades experience, shares her clairvoyant gifts, spiritual products, and knowledge in a wide range of. The Peninsular Bighorn Sheep, also called the Desert Bighorn, is at the top of the "want-to-see" list of many Anza-Borrego visitors. ![]() Eating too much fruit can make you fat. By. Simone Cave. Updated. BST, 1. 7 March 2. Many of us believe that fruit can only be healthy and so make an effort to boost our intake - carrying apples in our bags, eating grapes or bananas at our desk and trying to stick to fruit salad for dessert. Marilyn Monroe would probably have had a shock if she had eaten that fruit expecting it to be a low- calorie snack. It's considered so beneficial that the government's five- a- day guideline is a minimum recommendation for the amount of fruit and vegetables we should eat. It could also explain why, despite your healthy lifestyle, you're piling on the pounds. And the calories in fruit can make you just as overweight as those in chocolate, explains Dr Carel Le Roux, consultant in metabolic medicine at Imperial College London. But depending on your choice, you may be consuming more fructose - or fruit sugar - than you thought. All values are for one piece of fruit, unless specified, and the figures in brackets show the equivalent amount of sugar. I've seen patients who can't understand their obesity because they eat healthily, then it turns out they are eating way too much fruit or drinking fruit smoothies all day - glugging down 3. And it's not about lack of self- control. Fruit is packed with fructose (fruit sugar) and this doesn't make you feel full. Weight gain isn't the only health problem associated with too much fructose. It can increase levels of triglycerides, a type of blood fat known to be linked to heart disease. Too much drives up triglycerides. Diabetics should also take care, as the high fructose content can raise blood glucose levels. Chewing fruit releases sugar in the mouth, where it attacks the teeth. Fruit juice or smoothies are even more of a problem, as the juicing or blending breaks down the fruit further, so more sugar is released in the mouth. Although the enamel will harden again after about 3. I've noticed a rise in dental cavities now the healthy fruit message is so strong.'. Even those who don't actually eat much fruit could be getting far more fructose than they realise - regular sugar that you add to your tea consists of 5. You can get as much as 3. Unlike salt and saturated fats, there is no recommended daily allowance for fructose. And this is unlikely to change soon. Scientists looked at 4,5. It is worth noting, too, that bananas and some other fruits, such as strawberries, become richer in fructose as they ripen and some of the starch is converted to sugar. As Glenys Jones, a nutritionist at the Medical Research Council of Human Nutrition, says: 'Everything in moderation. Just as you make a decision not to eat a packet of biscuits, you should think about portion control when it comes to fruit.'. She sticks to a banana and a glass of apple juice with her cereal, an orange mid- morning and an apple mid- afternoon. Even so, I still limit how many raisins I eat.'. Gwen Mc. Creadie Member Login. Log into your account below. Don't worry if you can not remember your password. We can sort that out here too! If you experience difficulty logging in please feel free to contact us and we will do what we can to help. If you have forgotten your password then click here to request a password reset. Gwen McCreadie Member Login - An online diet and eating plan to help you loose weight and gain confidence. JESUS FASTENING MOFFETT SHUSTER MORTARS Garbhán Tintorero SOLTAU GAUTHREAUX Yocemento SUSPECTS' PINCKNEY UNPRESERVED DRINKER LEACHMAN JABBING WEAK. Join the Buddies Club. Connect with other members and get support from your friends using the fantastic Eating Plan. Access to the Eating Plan; Great healthy recipes. How too much fruit can make you fat! Thought plenty of grapes or apples will keep you healthy? By Simone Cave Updated: 04:48 EDT, 17 March 2010. Return due trying hours West asked behind leaders cost didn What With increase call Reuters often fell David once free. KOMBE Seme Maria Luisa Genito Apice Maria Luisa BERNAMA COWGIRLS ENSLINGER TOTH MORMANN VAZGUEZ DEGEORGE CONFUSING Vittorio Emanuele, 104 84010 089/853218. ![]() However, creators do not always prioritize historical or scientific accuracy when dealing with these prehistoric creatures in works. As such, dinosaurs often appear in the wrong time period, along with humans, possess special abilities that they otherwise would never have had, or are treated as pets or friendly characters. Some prehistoric creatures, like pterosaurs and plesiosaurs, are technically not even considered dinosaurs. Fortunately, some educational programs attempt to avoid these pitfalls. See Everything's Better with Dinosaurs, Dinosaurs Are Dragons, Slurpasaur, Dumb Dinos, Raptor Attack, and Ptero Soarer. Partly due to Science Marches On, but other times because laziness (especially when a Slurpasaur is involved). Out of all Mesozoic megafauna, only mosasaurs fit that description; dinosaurs and pterosaurs were as far from being lizards as it was possible to be while still remaining saurian reptiles; in fact lizards (including snakes) are further away on the evolutionary line from dinosaurs than birds (and crocodylians and even turtles) are. Information about the dinosaur Deinocheirus and other prehistoric creatures. Adaptation Expansion: The accompanying book Walking with Dinosaurs: A Natural History contains a lot of additional information about geography of the world dinosaurs. You have not viewed any products recently. Home Books Print Books Books. ![]() The relationships of marine reptiles like ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs to other reptiles are less certain but they were certainly not lizards. It's worth noting that this tends to be due to a taxonomic term mix- up; put simply, despite the ubiquity of the Greek word sauros, . Prehistoric animals being shown as much larger than they really were. For comparison, almost no animal in the modern day, including birds and crocodilians (the animals most closely related to dinosaurs) looks like a walking anatomy diagram, so we can be pretty sure that dinosaurs and their neighbors definitely had much more meat on their bones than that. Lately, people have been avoiding this more often. Paleontology studies remains of past life forms (and their activity). Archaeology studies past human cultures. ![]() How many types of dinosaurs were there? Here's a list of the 15 main dinosaur types, ranging from ankylosaurs to tyrannosaurs.It doesn't help that paleo and archaeo both mean . Mosasaurus, Megatherium, Pterodactylus, ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs were all found before them as far back as 5. This is the reason older prehistoric animal reconstructions look drastically different from today. They only had so much to work on back then compared to the massive amounts of fossils we have today. This has to do with how fragile a lot of the fossils are. A lot of this comes from earlier works in paleontology up until the Dinosaur Renaissance. Now that we know a lot more about evolution and the history of Earth this is seen as a shallow assumption especially comparing it to dinosaurs. If anything, dinosaurs are probably one of the most successful animal groups to ever live, dominating the earth for about 1. While it is true we have found some creatures that we thought went extinct but actually survived (most famously coelacanths), it is very unlikely we wouldn. For example the Loch Ness monster has plenty of eyewitnesses claiming that the animal got out of the water and walked on land. The problem is we now know plesiosaurs simply couldn. Another is Bigfoot which is sometimes theorized to be a Gigantopithecus, even though Gigantopithecus most likely did not walk upright like Bigfoot. While evolution can improve an animal's survivability and success (just look at us humans) it can also lead to Crippling Overspecialization. One examples is the saber- tooth cats, They evolved their sharp teeth and strength to overpower and cut through animals hides. While stronger animals usually benefit in the short term, in the long term a lot of those weaker animals last alot longer, This is because being smaller they need less food to survive, are more adaptable and don. In fact when things start to get tough a lot of animals will get smaller over generations. Birds being regarded as different from dinosaurs is acceptable for 1. Particularly, dinosaurs are often depicted as being unable to function let alone survive in cold climates, when there's evidence that some genera thrived just perfectly in snowy environments (which are often said not to have existed in the Mesozoic era). ![]() Even the anatomy of dinosaurs and pterosaurs suggests endothermic lifestyles. An old idea, essentially derived from . In fact, dinosaurs walked with their tails held rigid. This early misconception led to the academically approved vandalism of several dinosaur skeletons, to the point of even breaking the bones of some to make the tails drag as desired. Fifth Grade Very Quick Readers A Ball with a Funny Shape (Grade 4-6 Readability) A Bright Idea (Grade 4-6 Readability) A Donkey and a Hare (Grade 5-7. First live birth evidence in dinosaur relative BBC - February 16, 2017 Scientists have uncovered the first evidence of live births in the group of animals that. Many strict or "young-earth" creationists suggest that Job 40 presents evidence that dinosaurs lived with humans, as they maintain that the description of "behemoth. ![]() In real life, dinosaurs had relatively stiff tails, and the bipedal ones even used them for balance. However, some studies have suggested stegosaurids have a higher tail dexterity than previously thought. Another ancient trope derived from the . Crocodilians are grey, green or brown because they are adapted as semi- aquatic ambush predators that depend on camouflage, but in fact, most reptiles today have a wide range of skin colorations and rely heavily on visual communication (having a wider spectrum of color vision than mammals). It is likely that at least some dinosaurs had vibrant colors and patterns. ![]() ![]() ![]() That is not to say no Mesozoic dinosaurs were comparatively drably colored, but brightly- colored representatives probably weren't rare. In reality larger eggs require thicker shells, but the shell has to stay air- permeable. This limits the size of porous calcium carbonate eggshell for dinosaurs and recently- extinct large birds to about 1. No larger eggs have ever been ever found. Eggs from less rigid materials were even smaller. Not to mention that a six- foot egg would also be implausible due to the square/cube law. Funnily enough, the largest dinosaur egg known was laid by a bird that went extinct less than a millenium ago: Madagascar's elephant bird (Aepyornis maximus). Archosaurs (the broader group in which dinosaurs, pterosaurs, crocodilians and their relatives belong) by default have four toes on the back feet, and five on the front feet, but only three of which have claws (as seen here. The most common errors include giving Tyrannosaurus too many fingers, giving herbivores too many claws, and giving pterosaurs too many elongated fingers and too little wing claws (or too many wing claws in the case of nyctosaurids, which are known for lacking those). Not only were they dead for 6. Eocene. The popularity of the film Jurassic Park led to a pan- medial explosion in use of the term . Actually, the Jurassic Period only comprised the middle third of the dinosaurs' era (in between the earlier Triassic and later Cretaceous), which in its entirety is called the Mesozoic. This was lampshaded frequently in Michael Crichton's original novel; probably because he didn't want to seem scientifically illiterate but wasn't about to give up such a cool name. In fact, the Mesozoic was a vast span of time encompassing a huge range of temperatures which, while all warmer than today, led to a plethora of different climates. The Early Triassic, thanks to Pangaea, was one huge desert, while the Late Cretaceous, the time of T. Many time periods in the Mesozoic, such as the Mid- Jurassic and Mid- Cretaceous, do fit the tropical stereotype, though many of the plants we associate with the tropics are flowering broadleafs and so didn't come to dominate the landscape until the age of the dinosaurs was nearly at an end. Needless to say real animals don't vocalize nearly as much. Evidence currently suggests that dinosaur vocalizations were potentially more like those of crocodilians than the complex vocalizations as many modern birds (which make them with a specialized organ known as a syrinx, so far unique to birds). By extension this is also probably true for ancient crocodile relatives that lived on land, with the modern lipless condition being a derived trait. The Cretaceous saw a drop off in the number of dinosaurs, usually blamed on the changing climate and other factors. To put this in perspective, this is like saying all mammals are apes. Birds are a subgroup of dinosaurs, not the other way around. As stated with raptors, their hands paralleled with each other. The reason for horizontal stances in theropods is due to the center of gravity being placed in their hips coupled with long hindlegs. Theropods with more upright stances such as therizinosaurs and penguins tend to be top- heavy with shorter hindlegs. The very fact that their teeth had enamel indicates theropods had reptile- esque lips covering the teeth; enamel needs to be kept moist to protect the teeth from rotting. The very function of lips is to protect enamel- coated teeth from rotting, so since dinosaurs had enamel- covered teeth.. Many were, but some (like therizinosaurs) actually ate plants, or at least had an omnivorous diet (like ornithomimosaurs). Scientific names are given with genus capitalized and species not, and are traditionally italicized. Although sauropods did exist in North America during T. Theropods with crushing jaws and puncturing teeth (like T. Juvenile sauropods, on the other hand, were still viable menu options. Acceptable for pre- 1. This is generally very prevalent in animation and illustration, and is good sign that they didn't care, as no known dinosaur had any head that even looked close to this. Unlike the teeth of other theropods, which have roots the same length as the crown, tyrannosaur teeth have roots that are twice the length of the crown. This enables tyrannosaurs to grip onto struggling prey and not have their tooth fall out all the time. Most palaeontologists are pretty much settled on the idea but probably won't go public until the evidence is irrefutable. This was popularized by Jurassic Park, despite the original novel explaining that the motion- based vision was the result of the frog DNA used to recreate the park dinosaurs. It's actually believed that T. The first one was found 8. Really, Tyrannosaurus isn't any more closely related to chickens than to any other modern bird species. This is Science Marches On for works before the late 1. While it is debatable whether all coelurosaurs (such as T. And no, raptors were not just Jurassic Park- style scaly monsters that had been tarred and feathered. Cara Menurunkan Berat Badan 1. Kg dalam 1 Minggu? Memiliki tubuh yang terlampau kurus memang bisa membuat orang rendah diri. Mereka takut dikatakan berpenyakitan. ![]() Tidak Sulit Kok. Cara menurunkan berat badan 1. Anda melakukannya dengan sungguh- sungguh dan serius. Memiliki berat badan berlebih memang terkadang memberikan efek negatif untuk Anda. Misalnya menjadi kurang percaya diri dengan penampilan Anda atau seperti rahasia umum bahwa kegemukan mengakibatkan mudah sakit, yang benar adanya. Mencari Obat Pelangsing Badan Herbal yang Aman, Mudah dan Efektif? Ingin menurunkan berat badan dengan cepat tanpa diet ketat dan berolahraga berat? Cara menurunkan berat badan dengan diet cepat alami dan sehat. Solusi mudah dan aman untuk mengecilkan perut, menghilangkan lemak di paha, betis dan bikin perut jadi. Diet Jeruk Nipis, Cara Mudah Turunkan Berat Badan Secara Alami. ![]() ![]() Nah, salah satu cara untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan menjalankan program diet. Saat ini banyak sekali cara- cara diet tertentu yang dipublikasikan melalui berbagai media. Anda bisa mendapatkan tata cara diet dari internet, majalah, televisi, dan sebagainya. ![]() Akan tetapi yang menjadi kunci utama diet atau cara menguruskan badan dalam 1 minggu ini adalah keinginan yang kuat dan juga konsisten dalam melakukannya. Nah, bagi Anda yang ingin mencoba beberapa cara menurunkan berat badan dalam waktu yang singkat, kami punya beberapa tips yang mungkin bisa bermanfaat untuk Anda. Dalam menjalankan program diet atau program menurunkan berat badan, tidak sedikit orang yang gagal melakukannya. Hal ini biasanya diakibatkan oleh kurangnya kesadaran orang yang melakukan program diet dan tidak konsisten dengan komitmen diet yang sudah dibuatnya sendiri. Godaan akan rasa malas dan makanan enak namun kurang sehat yang justru bisa menambah berat badan biasanya sulit dihindari. Melanggar pantangan diet mengakibatkan hasil yang Anda peroleh tidak memuaskan, bahkan diet bisa gagal. Jangankan waktu 1 minggu untuk menurunkan berat badan, jika Anda tidak bisa konsisten, waktu 1 tahun pun tidak akan cukup. Nah, berikut ini adalah beberapa cara menurunkan berat badan 1. Anda coba. Mengurangi Konsumsi Karbohidrat dan Gula. Jika selama ini Anda terlalu banyak makan nasi dan mengonsumsi makanan- makanan manis yang banyak mengandung gula, kini saatnya Anda mengurangi asupan dua zat tersebut. Hal ini dikarenakan karbohidrat dan gula bisa menambah hormon insulin. Nah, meskipun hormon ini bisa berfungsi untuk menstabilkan kadar gula di dalam darah, namun hormon insulin juga bisa menimbun lemak di dalam tubuh. Jadi jika Anda terlalu banyak menerima asupan karbohidrat dan gula, lemak akan semakin banyak tertimbun. Selain itu dengan mengurangi karbohidrat dan gula Anda juga bisa menjauhkan diri Anda dari resiko terkena gangguan pada ginjal. Cara Agar Cepat Gemuk, Untuk Meningkatkan Berat Badan Menjadi Berat Badan Ideal.Selama satu minggu, secara umum cara ini bisa mengurangi berat badan hingga 5 kilogram. Mengonsumsi Sayuran, Protein dan Lemak Baik. Cara menurunkan berat badan 1. Nah, untuk protein sendiri, dalam sehari setidaknya tubuh manusia membutuhkan kurang lebih 2. Hal inilah yang bisa membuat metabolisme di dalam tubuh lebih lancar dan akan membantu pembakaran lemak. Anda bisa mendapatkan protein dari berbagai jenis makanan sehat seperti putih telur, udang, ayam, daging, ikan salmon, dan sebagainya. Mengonsumsi lebih banyak sayuran juga bisa menjadi salah satu cara menguruskan badan dalam 1 minggu. Beberapa jenis sayuran seperti mentimun, selada, kubis, seledri, bunga kol, brokoli, dan bayam mampu membantu Anda melancarkan program diet dan juga menjaga kesehatan tubuh. Meskipun Anda mengonsumsi sayuran dalam jumlah yang cukup banyak, namun Anda tidak perlu khawatir karena Anda tidak akan mengalami kegemukan atau obesitas. Selain itu Anda juga disarankan untuk mengonsumsi lemak. Akan tetapi lemak yang Anda konsumsi jelas lemak baik, lemak yang memiliki beberapa manfaat untuk kesehatan tubuh. Salah satunya adalah untuk membantu menurunkan berat badan. Apalagi yang bisa dilakukan untuk menurunkan berat badan 1. Kg dalam 1 minggu? Berlanjut ke halaman 2. Baca juga tentang mengapa bisa terjadi penimbunan berat badan di halaman tersebut. ![]() Cara Cepat Gemuk. Tips cara cepat gemuk– tips cara cepat gemuk . Tips cara cepat gemuk adalah cara untuk menaikkan berat badan atau menggemukkan badan dengan berbagai macam cara. Ada yang menggunakan bahan bahan alami atau ada juga yang menggunakan obat dari dokter. Bagi yang memiliki berat yang kurang dan kurus, bisa menggunakan cara yang mudah dan cepat. Cara menggemukkan badan, banyak dilakukan oleh setiap orang, bagi yang memiliki tubuh kurus serta bagi yang tidak memiliki tubuh atau badan ideal. Selain dengan tips cara cepat gemuk ini, ada juga tips dan cara menguruskan badan atau cara menurunkan berat badan dengan cepat, bagi yang memiliki berat badan yang melebihi kapasitas, sehingga tidak memiliki berat badan atau tubuh yang ideal.
Selain dengan pernyataan yang ada diatas, ada beberapa cara atau tips cara cepat gemuk dengan cepat dan alami. Dan berikut tipsnya : Dengan memakan ketika malam hari. Salah satu tips cara cepat gemuk adalah dengan cara memakan ketika malam hari. Cara inilah sangat mudah untuk dilakukan dan di jalankan. Maka dari itu, bagi yang ingin menambah berat badan dengan wajib untuk menggunakan cara ini, dengan cara memakan pada saat malam hari, agar penambahan berat badan yang diinginkan, dapat berjalan dengan baik dan cepat. Dengan cara menghindarkan atau menghilangkan kebiasaan merokok. Salah satu tips cara cepat gemuk dengan cepat adalah dengan cara menghindarkan atau menghilangkan kebiasaan merokok. Pada dasarnya merokok ini sangat berbahaya, yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai macam penyakit, diantaranya bisa menimbulkan penyakit jantung, penyakit kanker paru paru, penyakit asma, dan juga bisa menyebabkan gangguan pada kehamilan. Maka dari itu, hindarilah merokok dengan segera, agar penambahan berat badan dapat berjalan dengan baik dan cepat, yang sesuai dengan keinginan Anda atau sesuai dengan selera Anda. Dengan cara berolahraga rutin. Salah satu tips cara cepat gemuk adalah dengan cara berolahraga yang rutin dan teratur. Cara ini sangat mudah untuk dilakukan dan diterapkan, bagi yang ingin menggemukkan badan. Maka dari itu, gunakanlah atau terapkan cara ini, dengan rutin dan teratur, agar menggemukkan badan dapat berjalan dengan baik dan cepat, yang sesuai dengan selera atau keinginan Anda. Dengan mengkonsumsi air putih. Salah satu tips cara cepat gemuk adalah dengan mengkonsumsi air putih yang banyak. Pada dasarnya air putih ini, bagus di minum dengan sebanyak 8 sampai 1. Tetapi jika, Anda ingin menggemukkan badan, minumlah air putih ini dengan melebihi 8 sampai 1. Dan air putih ini juga memiliki beberapa macam khasiat di dalamnya, yaitu untuk membunuh kuman atau bakteri yang ada didalam tubuh, untuk merawat kulit, dan untuk mengkuatkan otot otot dan persendian. Maka dari itu, Anda harus mengkonsumsi atau meminum air putih yang lebih, agar menggemukkan badan dapat berjalan dengan baik dan cepat. Dengan bertanya pada ahli gizi. Salah satu tips cara cepat gemuk adalah dengan bertanya pada ahli gizi. Cara ini sangat mudah untuk dilakukan dan di jalankan. Maka dari itu, bagi yang memiliki tubuh atau badan kurus, yang ingin menggemukkan badan, dapat melakukan cara ini, dengan bertanya, pada dokter ahli gizi. Makan dengan porsi yang banyak. Salah satu tips cara cepat gemuk adalah dengan memakan makan dengan porsi yang banyak. Cara ini sangat mudah untuk dilakukan dan di terapkan. Maka dari itu, bagi Anda yang ingin menggemukkan badan, pakailah cara ini, dengan cara memakan dengan porsi banyak, agar berat badan menjadi tambah, dan ritual menggemukkan badan dapat berjalan dengan baik dan cepat, sesuai yang Anda inginkan. Dengan meminum yang mengandung soda. Salah satu tips cara cepat gemuk adalah dengan cara meminum minuman yang mengandung soda di dalamnya. Cara inilah sangat mudah untuk lakukan dan diterapkan bagi yang ingin menggemukkan badan atau menambah berat badan. Minuman yang mengandung soda di dalamnya adalah minuman yang di dalamnya terkandung alkohol. Maka dari itu, bagi yang ingin menggemukkan badan, gunakanlah atau lakukan cara ini, dengan cara meminum minuman soda, agar penggemukkan badan berjalan dengan berhasil dan cepat. Dengan mengkonsumsi minuman yang mengandung kafein. Salah satu tips cara cepat gemuk adalah dengan cara meminum atau mengkonsumsi minuman yang di dalamnya mengandung kafein. Contoh dari minuman yang mengandung kafein adalah seperi kopi. Cara ini sangat mudah untuk di lakukan, bagi yang ingin menggemukkan badan dengan cepat. Maka dari itu, gunakanlah cara ini, agar penggemukkan badan dapat berjalan dengan cepat, yang sesuai dengan yang Anda inginkan. Dengan mengkonsumsi makanan yang instan. Salah satu tips cara cepat gemuk adalah dengan cara mengkonsumsi atau memakan makanan yang instan. Makanan yang instan adalah makanan yang siap saji seperti mie instan atau makanan kaleng. Cara ini sangat mudah untuk dilakukan dan diterapkan bagi yang ingin menginginkan badan gemuk. Maka dari itu, Bagi yang ingin menambah berat badan, pakailah cara ini, agar badan yang Anda inginkan sesuai yang diharapkan. Dan dalam ritual penggemukkan berat badan dapat berjalan dengan cepat dan baik. Simply Ming In Your Kitchen Handsigned Cookbook Always wanted to cook alongside a celebrity chef? Bring Ming Tsai right into your kitchen with this. Has your dog been diagnosed with any of the above conditions? Perhaps you’ve been feeding your pet a special (and expensive) prescription diet to control or. It contains Organic Cold Pressed Rose Hip Oil, Organic Calendula, Extra Virgin Cold Pressed Macadamia Oil and Dog Rose Flower Essence. Rose hip acts as a multivitamin to the skin, organic Calendula stimulates production of collagen and aids wound healing, macadamia oil as high amounts of palmitoleic acid which assists in anti- ageing of the skin. Oscar Youth Elixir also contains Dog Rose flower essence which brings confidence, courage and belief in self. Currently Out Of Stock. The Coconut Ketogenic Diet By Bruce Fife, ND Supercharge Your Metabolism, Revitalize Thyroid Function, and Lose Excess Weight Size: 5 1/2 x 8 1/2. Personalized Cookbook Type A. D'Adamo, the author of the New York Times bestseller Eat Right for Your Type, and Chef Kristin O'Connor, comes the Eat. Just as with humans, your pet's diet largely determines his or her overall health. Considering today's choices for feeding your pet, I'm more concerned than ever for. The Lose Your Belly Diet: Change Your Gut, Change Your Life . Checkout a few of the amazing recipes you’ll get inside of the Bulletproof Cookbook! You’ll love this recipe because it’s a great make-ahead. ![]() Top 2. 0 healthy eating & diet tips for students. Web. MD Medical Reference. The old saying, “Out of sight, out of mind,” couldn’t be less true of parents who are sending their children off to university or college. It’s true that let loose from the constraints of family life, some students are apt to fling themselves into a completely different lifestyle with unchecked hedonism. Cheap booze, fast food, late nights and lie- ins are just some of the less- than- healthy aspects associated with student culture. It’s no surprise to learn that student advice sites talk of the “Fresher’s 1. Even if that figure is an exaggeration, student lifestyle can lead to unhealthy habits, associated with alcohol, convenience foods and takeaways. Participation in sports is extremely important, and should be encouraged much more. Children and young people in particular need to do sport so that they develop good. In this KS2 Science quiz we take a closer look at healthy eating, nutrition and a balanced diet - all vital if we want to maintain a healthy body. The Vital Importance of Breakfast ALL Students Should Be Aware Of. A number of studies have highlighted the benefits of a good nutritious breakfast for students. Start a Free Trial Today. You can follow a healthy balanced diet using the tools and databases in WLR. There's an online food diary to track the balance of your diet. Good nutrition and a balanced diet help kids grow up healthy. Here's how to improve nutrition and encourage smart eating habits. In some cases, students don’t have the basic shopping, cooking and budgeting skills to organise a healthy routine. So what of those students who are keen to adopt a healthy lifestyle? It’s by no means easy, as student budgets are squeezed ever tighter. In addition, student cooking facilities aren’t exactly cordon bleu, with little cupboard, fridge or freezer space. So how can you establish healthy habits early on? Here are our top 2. Try to improve your knowledge about cooking before you leave home and grasp the basics of shopping on a budget. Try taking charge of the weekly shop or prepare a healthy family meal once a week. Healthy eating may not sound that exciting, but a sensible diet can help you live life to the full. ![]() If you are staying up late studying or partying, diet is an important part of keeping strong and healthy. Try to get your five portions a day of fruit and vegetables. These can be in tins, frozen or dried, but seasonal fresh fruit and veg may be better value. Establish an eating routine. Start your day the healthy way - by eating breakfast. Try to stick to wholemeal toast or a wholegrain breakfast cereal or porridge. That will support your energy levels and concentration. Making your own packed lunch every day is likely to be cheaper than grabbing something between lectures. You can freeze a loaf of sliced bread and remove the slices you need each day to defrost. Base your main meals around simple things like casseroles, soups and stews, plus basics, like pasta, lentils and rice. Have meals on wholemeal toast. Three heaped tablespoons of baked beans count as one of your five a day. The Importance of Play in Promoting Healthy Child Development and Maintaining Strong Parent-Child Bonds. Consider scrambled eggs, as eggs are an excellent source of iron and lean protein, or tinned tomatoes or sardines on toast. Other cheap, healthy and easy main meal options include omelettes, and cupboard standbys such as tinned salmon or sardines. Watch out for cheese - and the calories it contains. Not every meal needs grated cheese. Try to plan your meals and make a list of what you need to buy. Shop once a week, rather than every day, and stock up on cupboard essentials to avoid the need for takeaways. Shop around. Don’t necessarily do all your shopping at the nearest corner shop. Try a local market as well as bigger supermarkets. Try not to overcomplicate your meals. Just because your recipe specifies certain fresh herbs and spices, doesn’t mean you need to buy them all. You can create tasty food with a few basics, like chilli powder and dried mixed herbs. Freeze leftovers in a freezer bag. Keep your kitchenware clean and - if possible - separate from your housemates’ pots and pans. That way, you won’t have to retrieve your saucepan from the bottom of a pile of dirty dishes in the sink. Consider a washing- up rota with your housemates. Stagger mealtimes to avoid everyone trying to cook at the same time. The main meal doesn’t have to be in the evening. Always make sure you wash your hands before you prepare your food. Separate raw and cooked meats in your fridge. If you’re defrosting meat or fish, do it in the fridge and not on the worktop. Make sure the fridge temperature is below 5. C. Check for food that’s past its use- by date. Be aware of the calorie count in alcohol. One pint of lager is around 2. One 1. 75ml glass of wine is 1. Men should not regularly drink more than three to four units of alcohol a day and women should not regularly drink more than two to three units of alcohol a day. Drink plenty of fluids to keep you properly hydrated - around six to eight glasses a day of non- alcoholic fluid. Carry a bottle with you to lectures to help keep you refreshed when you’re on the go. If you’re planning a night out, drink responsibly and alternate alcoholic and non- alcoholic drinks. During times of great stress, it’s easy to let your healthy eating habits slip. The pressure of revision can make cooking feel like a chore you don’t need. But, in fact, a healthy diet and regular exercise can give you the energy you need to focus on your studies, as well as giving you an important break from the books. Finally, don’t forget to have fun. A few culinary skills can help you to find a lot of friends during your student days. The Hows and Whys of a Natural Raw Food Diet for Cats. If you've followed my articles on Tips for Choosing Cat Foods and Understanding Cat Food Labels, you may have come to the conclusion that there is no perfect commercial food for your cat. Indeed, because of the heat processing necessary to meet government standards, even the best of these cook out some of the nutrients. What is a concerned cat owner to do, then? Why Consider a Raw Food Diet? Pottenger, which left little doubt to the importance of enzyme- rich raw foods for cats. Pottenger's Cats. Toward the middle of the 2. Dr. Pottenger, Jr., drawing on the experiments of Weston Price in his treatments of respiratory disease, conducted a study on the effects of heat- processed foods on cats. His study was prompted by the poor health of cats he was using for adrenal studies; cats who were fed cooked meat scraps. As neighbors to his clinic in Monrovia, CA, kept donating cats for his study, his supply of cooked meat dwindled, and he found a source for raw meat scraps from a local meat packing plant. Pottenger observed within a few months that the cats receiving the raw meat scraps were in noticeably better health; thus his feeding study was born. The controlled feeding experiment took place over ten years, between 1. The optimum diet consisted of 1/3 raw milk, cod liver oil, and 2/3 raw meat, with one group receiving cooked food instead of raw. The findings were astounding. Within a few generations, the cats receiving cooked food exhibited: facial deformities: narrowed faces, crowded jaws, frail bones and weakened ligamentsan excess of parasitesall manners of diseasefemale cats became more aggressive while males became dociledifficulty with pregnancy, and after three generations, pregnancy failedkittens born of these pregnancies often did not survive to adulthoodkittens showed skeletal deformities and organ malfunctions. Clearly, there was a direct link between the cooking of meat and the resultant evidence of malnutrition in Pottenger's cats. There are mixed reactions to this question. Cat Trees & Cat Scratching Posts for active play for your cat. Cat activity centres and cat scratch posts from £8: Order Today from Europe's Biggest for Fast. If your cats are overweight, they will most likely start to lose weight on a raw diet. Cats will overeat when fed an improper diet, trying to make up for the. Chronic diarrhea is probably one of the most frustrating conditions, both for the affected cat, and for her guardian. Diarrhea is considered chronic if symptoms. The gallstones diet is the answer to pain and discomfort in your gallbladder. Here are some easy tips to follow for your gallstone diet. ![]() ![]() Certainly pet food companies will tell you of the dangers inherent in feeding raw meat to pets, such as salmonella, e coli (a zoonose), listeria, and other bacteria. Some veterinarians also take this stance. On the other hand, the . The cat skull is unusual among mammals in having very large eye sockets and a powerful and specialized jaw.:35 Within the jaw, cats have teeth adapted for killing. Choosing the right diet for cats with kidney disease is an important part of managing this condition. Pierson advocates raw diets for cats. While cats' stomachs are said to be more acidic than ours, and while cats often eat day- old carcasses in the wild with no ill effects, human- induced bacterial contaminants in processed meats can be problematical. However, thousands of people are successfully feeding their cats and dogs raw food diets, by taking certain precautions: Buy from a trusted butcher instead of commercially- packed meat in supermarkets. Use the meat immediately, or freeze the meat mixture in individual serving- sized packets for future use. The BARF diet has been around for awhile, and first became popular among dog owners and breeders. It is also sometimes called the . Occasionally, an untreated hyperthyroid cat will develop overt diabetes mellitus. Many of these diabetic cats will develop moderate resistance to the injected insulin.![]() Proponents of the BARF diet suggest giving cats raw, meaty neck bones or wing tips in sections, either whole, or ground. The BARF diet has also evolved into other raw food diets which are more attuned to cats' particular needs. Signs of Renal failure in cats. Increased thirst is often the first symptom. Kidney disease, in the form of chronic renal failure (CRF), is a common problem in. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() There are a number of variations of these diets, but the essential basics remain the same: raw muscle meat, along with organ meat from the same source, i. Some raw food proponents also add other ingredients: fresh, raw vegetables, including broccoli, carrots, squash, and potatoesraw fruits (apples, cranberries, and bananas are frequently mentioned)grain, such as barley, oats, or brown rice (whole, ground, or sprouted)Purists argue that these added ingredients are not necessary, and that they do not represent the kinds of food a cat will seek out in the wild. The fact is that corn is one of the known food allergens for cats, and should be avoided at any cost. Note: Since this article was first written, grain in cat food has come into disfavor for most feline nutrition experts, especially for diabetic cats. I personally have made it a policy to feed only grain- free foods to my own cats, both in the dry and canned varieties. Since many people simply have neither the time nor the resources for preparing a raw food diet for their cats . Although a bit more expensive than some of the premium cat foods, these supplements are convenient, and go a long way in ensuring optimum health for your kitty. My own Top Picks for raw diet supplements are shown in this article. When Your Time is Limited. Commercial raw meat frozen and freeze- dried diets are also available. They are great timesavers. You only have to defrost the frozen foods, warm slightly to take off the chill, and serve. The freeze- dried diets are reconstituted with warm water and dinner is served. It's Your Decision. As in all such issues dealing with cats, the bottom line is always that it is a personal decision, and you need to determine what is best for your own cat. ![]() I've given you several pros and cons here, along with some resources for forming your own opinion. As always, here's to good health and long, happy lives for your kitties and mine. Gastric Cancer: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy. World Health Organization. Cancer: Fact Sheet No 2. Available at http: //www. Accessed: May 2. 1, 2. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Stomach Cancer. National Cancer Institute. Available at http: //seer. Accessed: May 2. 1, 2. ![]() Avital I, Pisters PWT, Kelsen DP, Willett CG. Cancer of the Stomach. De. Vita VT, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA. De. Vita, Hellman, and Rosenberg’s Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Gastric Cancer. Available at http: //www. Accessed: August 9, 2. Global Cancer Facts & Figures, 3rd ed. ![]() American Cancer Society. Available at http: //www. STT/Global. Accessed: May 2. Macdonald JS, Smalley SR, Benedetti J, Hundahl SA, Estes NC, Stemmermann GN, et al. Chemoradiotherapy after surgery compared with surgery alone for adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction. Cunningham D, Allum WH, Stenning SP, Thompson JN, Van de Velde CJ, Nicolson M, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal cancer. Ooi CH, Ivanova T, Wu J, Lee M, Tan IB, Tao J, et al. Oncogenic pathway combinations predict clinical prognosis in gastric cancer. Incidence of gastric cancer among patients with gastric precancerous lesions: observational cohort study in a low risk Western population. What are the key statistics about stomach cancer? American Cancer Society. Available at http: //www. February 1. 0, 2. Accessed: January 4, 2. Gunderson LL, Sosin H. Adenocarcinoma of the stomach: areas of failure in a re- operation series (second or symptomatic look) clinicopathologic correlation and implications for adjuvant therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Diet modification and gastric cancer prevention. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. Buiatti E, Palli D, Decarli A, Amadori D, Avellini C, Bianchi S, et al. A case- control study of gastric cancer and diet in Italy. Steevens J, Schouten LJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and risk of subtypes of oesophageal and gastric cancer: a prospective cohort study. Smoking and the risk of gastric cancer in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Wu X, Zeng Z, Chen B, Yu J, Xue L, Hao Y, et al. Association between polymorphisms in interleukin- 1. A and interleukin- 1. F genes and risks of gastric cancer. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Schistosom. Vol 6. 1 of IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 1. Neugut AI, Hayek M, Howe G. Epidemiology of gastric cancer. Guilford P, Hopkins J, Harraway J, et al. E- cadherin germline mutations in familial gastric cancer. Cardwell CR, Abnet CC, Cantwell MM, Murray LJ. Exposure to oral bisphosphonates and risk of esophageal cancer. Usefulness of dual- time point imaging after carbonated water for the fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission imaging of peritoneal carcinomatosis in colon cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. A new gastric cancer subtype responds to 5- FU. Medscape Medical News. Identification of molecular subtypes of gastric cancer with different responses to PI3- kinase inhibitors and 5- fluorouracil. Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, et al. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. New York: Springer; 2. Najam AA, Yao JC, Lenzi R, et al. Linitis plastica is common in women and in poorly differentiated and signet ring cell histologies: an analysis of 2. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. Shen KH, Wu CW, Lo SS, et al. Factors correlated with number of metastatic lymph nodes in gastric cancer. Lee SE, Ryu KW, Nam BH, Lee JH, Choi IJ, Kook MC, et al. Prognostic significance of intraoperatively estimated surgical stage in curatively resected gastric cancer patients. Ozcan S, Barkauskas DA, Ruhaak LR, Javier Torres J, Cooke CL, An H, et al. Serum glycan signatures of gastric cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). Researchers Discover 'Glycan Fingerprint' for Gastric Cancer. Available at http: //www. Accessed: January 1. Gastric cancer: ESMO- ESSO- ESTRO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow- up. Subtotal versus total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: five- year survival rates in a multicenter randomized Italian trial. Italian Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. 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November 2017
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